pgtoolkit/pgmanager.py
author Radek Brich <radek.brich@devl.cz>
Fri, 09 Sep 2011 11:56:37 +0200
changeset 13 16dc5dec9c36
parent 9 2fcc8ef0b97d
child 19 e526ca146fa9
permissions -rw-r--r--
ToolBase: add -d parameter, which triggers debug mode (print SQL queries).
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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#
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# PgManager - manage database connections
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#
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# Requires: Python 2.6, psycopg2
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#
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# Part of pgtoolkit
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# http://hg.devl.cz/pgtoolkit
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#
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# Copyright (c) 2010, 2011  Radek Brich <radek.brich@devl.cz>
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#
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# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
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# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
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# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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#
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# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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#
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# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
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# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
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# THE SOFTWARE.
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"""Postgres database connection manager
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PgManager wraps psycopg2 connect function, adding following features:
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 * Manage database connection parameters - link connection parameters
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   to an unique identifier, retrieve connection object by this identifier
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 * Connection pooling - connections with same identifier are pooled and reused
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 * Easy query using the with statement - retrieve cursor directly by connection
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   identifier, don't worry about connections
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 * Dict rows - cursor has additional methods like fetchall_dict(), which
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   returns dict row instead of ordinary list-like row
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Example:
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import pgmanager
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pgm = pgmanager.get_instance()
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pgm.create_conn(hostaddr='127.0.0.1', dbname='postgres')
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with pgm.cursor() as curs:
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    curs.execute('SELECT now() AS now')
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    row = curs.fetchone_dict()
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    print row.now
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First, we have obtained PgManager instance. This is like calling
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PgManager(), although in our example the instance is global. That means
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getting the instance in another module brings us all the defined connections
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etc.
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On second line we have created connection named 'default' (this name can be left out).
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The with statement obtains connection (actually connects to database when needed),
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then returns cursor for this connection. At the end of with statement,
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the connection is returned to the pool or closed (depending on number of connections
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in pool and on setting of keep_open parameter).
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The row returned by fetchone_dict() is special dict object, which can be accessed
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using item or attribute access, that is row['now'] or row.now.
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"""
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from contextlib import contextmanager
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import logging
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import threading
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import select
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import socket
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import psycopg2
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import psycopg2.extensions
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from psycopg2 import DatabaseError, IntegrityError
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class PgManagerError(Exception):
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    pass
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class ConnectionInfo:
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    def __init__(self, dsn, isolation_level=None, init_statement=None, keep_open=1):
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        self.dsn = dsn
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        self.isolation_level = isolation_level
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        self.init_statement = init_statement
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        self.keep_open = keep_open
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class RowDict(dict):
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    def __getattr__(self, key):
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        return self[key]
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class Cursor(psycopg2.extensions.cursor):
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    def execute(self, query, args=None):
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        try:
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            return super(Cursor, self).execute(query, args)
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        finally:
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            log.debug(self.query.decode('utf8'))
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    def callproc(self, procname, args=None):
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        try:
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            return super(Cursor, self).callproc(procname, args)
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        finally:
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            log.debug(self.query.decode('utf8'))
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    def row_dict(self, row, lstrip=None):
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        adjustname = lambda a: a
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        if lstrip:
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            adjustname = lambda a: a.lstrip(lstrip)
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        return RowDict(zip([adjustname(desc[0]) for desc in self.description], row))
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    def fetchone_dict(self, lstrip=None):
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        row = super(Cursor, self).fetchone()
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        if row is None:
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            return None
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        return self.row_dict(row, lstrip)
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    def fetchall_dict(self, lstrip=None):
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        rows = super(Cursor, self).fetchall()
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        return [self.row_dict(row, lstrip) for row in rows]
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    def fetchone_adapted(self):
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        '''Like fetchone() but values are quoted for direct inclusion in SQL query.
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        This is useful when you need to generate SQL script from data returned
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        by the query. Use mogrify() for simple cases.
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        '''
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        row = super(Cursor, self).fetchone()
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        if row is None:
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            return None
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   144
        return [self.mogrify('%s', [x]).decode('utf8') for x in row]
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   145
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   146
    def fetchall_adapted(self):
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        '''Like fetchall() but values are quoted for direct inclusion in SQL query.'''
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        rows = super(Cursor, self).fetchall()
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   149
        return [[self.mogrify('%s', [x]).decode('utf8') for x in row] for row in rows]
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0
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class Connection(psycopg2.extensions.connection):
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    def cursor(self, name=None):
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   155
        if name is None:
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            return super(Connection, self).cursor(cursor_factory=Cursor)
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        else:
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            return super(Connection, self).cursor(name, cursor_factory=Cursor)
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   159
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    def keep_alive(self):
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        '''Set socket to keepalive mode. Must be called before any query.'''
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        sock = socket.fromfd(self.fileno(), socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) 
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        sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1)
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   164
        # Maximum keep-alive probes before asuming the connection is lost
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   165
        sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_KEEPCNT, 5)
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   166
        # Interval (in seconds) between keep-alive probes
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   167
        sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_KEEPINTVL, 2)
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   168
        # Maximum idle time (in seconds) before start sending keep-alive probes
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   169
        sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_KEEPIDLE, 10)
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   170
0
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class PgManager:
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    def __init__(self):
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        self.conn_known = {}  # available connections
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   176
        self.conn_pool = {}
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        self.lock = threading.Lock()
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    def __del__(self):
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        for conn in tuple(self.conn_known.keys()):
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   181
            self.destroy_conn(conn)
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    def create_conn(self, name='default', isolation_level=None, dsn=None, **kw):
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        '''Create named connection.'''
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   185
        if name in self.conn_known:
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   186
            raise PgManagerError('Connection name "%s" already registered.' % name)
0
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   187
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   188
        if dsn is None:
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   189
            dsn = ' '.join([x[0]+'='+str(x[1]) for x in kw.items()])
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        isolation_level = self._normalize_isolation_level(isolation_level)
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   192
        ci = ConnectionInfo(dsn, isolation_level)
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        self.conn_known[name] = ci
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   195
        self.conn_pool[name] = []
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   196
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   197
    def close_conn(self, name='default'):
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   198
        '''Close all connections of given name.
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   199
        
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   200
        Connection credentials are still saved.
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   201
        
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   202
        '''
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   203
        while len(self.conn_pool[name]):
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   204
            conn = self.conn_pool[name].pop()
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   205
            conn.close()
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   206
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   207
    def destroy_conn(self, name='default'):
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   208
        '''Destroy connection.
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   209
        
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   210
        Counterpart of create_conn.
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   211
        
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   212
        '''
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   213
        if not name in self.conn_known:
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diff changeset
   214
            raise PgManagerError('Connection name "%s" not registered.' % name)
0
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   215
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   216
        self.close_conn(name)
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   217
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   218
        del self.conn_known[name]
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   219
        del self.conn_pool[name]
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   220
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   221
    def get_conn(self, name='default'):
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   222
        '''Get connection of name 'name' from pool.'''
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   223
        self.lock.acquire()
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   224
        try:
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   225
            if not name in self.conn_known:
2
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diff changeset
   226
                raise PgManagerError("Connection name '%s' not registered." % name)
0
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   227
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   228
            conn = None
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   229
            while len(self.conn_pool[name]) and conn is None:
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   230
                conn = self.conn_pool[name].pop()
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diff changeset
   231
                if conn.closed:
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   232
                    conn = None
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   233
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   234
            if conn is None:
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   235
                ci = self.conn_known[name]
8
2911935c524d pgmanager: Add keep_alive support.
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diff changeset
   236
                conn = self._connect(ci)
0
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   237
        finally:
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   238
            self.lock.release()
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   239
        return conn
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   240
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   241
    def put_conn(self, conn, name='default'):
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   242
        '''Put connection back to pool.
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   243
        
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   244
        Name must be same as used for get_conn,
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   245
        otherwise things become broken.
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   246
        
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   247
        '''
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   248
        self.lock.acquire()
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   249
        try:
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   250
            if not name in self.conn_known:
2
efee419b7a2d Fix pgmanager exceptions.
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diff changeset
   251
                raise PgManagerError("Connection name '%s' not registered." % name)
0
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   252
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   253
            if len(self.conn_pool[name]) >= self.conn_known[name].keep_open:
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   254
                conn.close()
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   255
                return
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
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   256
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   257
            if conn.get_transaction_status() == psycopg2.extensions.TRANSACTION_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
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diff changeset
   258
                conn.close()
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   259
                return
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   260
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   261
            # connection returned to the pool must not be in transaction
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   262
            if conn.get_transaction_status() != psycopg2.extensions.TRANSACTION_STATUS_IDLE:
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parents:
diff changeset
   263
                conn.rollback()
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   264
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   265
            self.conn_pool[name].append(conn)
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   266
        finally:
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
Radek Brich <radek.brich@devl.cz>
parents:
diff changeset
   267
            self.lock.release()
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   268
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
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   269
    @contextmanager
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   270
    def cursor(self, name='default'):
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   271
        '''Cursor context.
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   272
        
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   273
        Uses any connection of name 'name' from pool
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   274
        and returns cursor for that connection.
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   275
        
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   276
        '''
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   277
        conn = self.get_conn(name)
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   278
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   279
        try:
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   280
            curs = conn.cursor()
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
Radek Brich <radek.brich@devl.cz>
parents:
diff changeset
   281
            yield curs
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   282
        finally:
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
Radek Brich <radek.brich@devl.cz>
parents:
diff changeset
   283
            curs.close()
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
Radek Brich <radek.brich@devl.cz>
parents:
diff changeset
   284
            self.put_conn(conn, name)
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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parents:
diff changeset
   285
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
Radek Brich <radek.brich@devl.cz>
parents:
diff changeset
   286
    def wait_for_notify(self, name='default', timeout=5):
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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        '''Wait for asynchronous notifies, return the last one.
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        Returns None on timeout.
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        '''
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        conn = self.get_conn(name)
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        try:
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            # any residual notify?
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            # then return it, that should not break anything
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            if conn.notifies:
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                return conn.notifies.pop()
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            if select.select([conn], [], [], timeout) == ([], [], []):
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                # timeout
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                return None
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            else:
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                conn.poll()
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                # return just the last notify (we do not care for older ones)
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                if conn.notifies:
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                    return conn.notifies.pop()
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                return None
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        finally:
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            # clean notifies
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            while conn.notifies:
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                conn.notifies.pop()
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            self.put_conn(conn, name)
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8
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    def _connect(self, ci):
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        conn = psycopg2.connect(ci.dsn, connection_factory=Connection)
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        conn.keep_alive()
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        if not ci.isolation_level is None:
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            conn.set_isolation_level(ci.isolation_level)
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   321
        if ci.init_statement:
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            curs = conn.cursor()
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            curs.execute(ci.init_statement)
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            curs.close()
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        return conn
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   326
0
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    def _normalize_isolation_level(self, level):
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   328
        if type(level) == str:
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   329
            if level.lower() == 'autocommit':
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   330
                return psycopg2.extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_AUTOCOMMIT
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   331
            if level.lower() == 'read_committed':
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   332
                return psycopg2.extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_READ_COMMITTED
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   333
            if level.lower() == 'serializable':
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   334
                return psycopg2.extensions.ISOLATION_LEVEL_SERIALIZABLE
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   335
            raise PgManagerError('Unknown isolation level name: "%s"', level)
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   336
        return level
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   337
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   338
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   339
try:
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   340
    NullHandler = logging.NullHandler
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   341
except AttributeError:
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   342
    class NullHandler(logging.Handler):
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   343
        def emit(self, record):
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   344
            pass
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   345
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   346
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   347
log = logging.getLogger("pgmanager")
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   348
log.addHandler(NullHandler())
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   349
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   350
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   351
instance = None
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   352
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   353
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   354
def get_instance():
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   355
    global instance
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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diff changeset
   356
    if instance is None:
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   357
        instance = PgManager()
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   358
    return instance
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   359
eaae9539e910 Postgres tools.
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   360