# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# MyManager - manage database connections (MySQL version)
#
# Requires: Python 2.6 / 2.7 / 3.2, oursql
#
# Part of pydbkit
# http://hg.devl.cz/pydbkit
#
# Copyright (c) 2011, 2013  Radek Brich <radek.brich@devl.cz>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.

"""MySQL database connection manager

MyManager wraps oursql in same manner as PgManager wraps psycopg2.
It's fully compatible so it should work as drop-in replacement for PgManager.

It adds following features over oursql:

 * Save and reuse database connection parameters

 * Connection pooling

 * Easy query using the with statement

 * Dictionary rows

Example:

    from pydbkit import mymanager_oursql

    dbm = mymanager.get_instance()
    dbm.create_conn(host='127.0.0.1', dbname='default')

    with dbm.cursor() as curs:
        curs.execute('SELECT now() AS now')
        row = curs.fetchone_dict()
        print(row.now)

See PgManager docs for more information.

"""

from contextlib import contextmanager
from collections import OrderedDict
import logging
import threading
import multiprocessing

import oursql

from oursql import DatabaseError, IntegrityError, OperationalError


log_sql = logging.getLogger("mymanager_sql")
log_sql.addHandler(logging.NullHandler())


class MyManagerError(Exception):

    pass


class RowDict(OrderedDict):
    """Special dictionary used for rows returned from queries.

    Items keep order in which columns where returned from database.

    It supports three styles of access:

        Dict style:
            row['id']
            for key in row:
                ...

        Object style (only works if column name does not collide with any method name):
            row.id

        Tuple style:
            row[0]
            id, name = row.values()

    """

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        if isinstance(key, int):
            return tuple(self.values())[key]
        else:
            return OrderedDict.__getitem__(self, key)

    def __getattr__(self, key):
        try:
            return self[key]
        except KeyError:
            raise AttributeError(key)


class ConnectionInfo:

    def __init__(self, name, isolation_level=None,
                 init_statement=None, pool_size=1, **kw):
        self.name = name  # connection name is logged with SQL queries
        self.isolation_level = isolation_level
        self.init_statement = init_statement
        self.pool_size = pool_size
        self.parameters = kw
        self.adjust_parameters()

    def adjust_parameters(self):
        '''Rename Postgres parameters to proper value for MySQL.'''
        m = {'dbname' : 'db', 'password' : 'passwd'}
        res = dict()
        for k, v in list(self.parameters.items()):
            if k in m:
                k = m[k]
            res[k] = v
        self.parameters = res


class Cursor(oursql.Cursor):

    def execute(self, query, args=[]):
        try:
            return super(Cursor, self).execute(query, args)
        finally:
            self._log_query(query, args)

    def callproc(self, procname, args=[]):
        try:
            return super(Cursor, self).callproc(procname, args)
        finally:
            self._log_query(query, args)

    def row_dict(self, row, lstrip=None):
        adjustname = lambda a: a
        if lstrip:
            adjustname = lambda a: a.lstrip(lstrip)
        return RowDict(zip([adjustname(desc[0]) for desc in self.description], row))

    def fetchone_dict(self, lstrip=None):
        row = super(Cursor, self).fetchone()
        if row is None:
            return None
        return self.row_dict(row, lstrip)

    def fetchall_dict(self, lstrip=None):
        rows = super(Cursor, self).fetchall()
        return [self.row_dict(row, lstrip) for row in rows]

    def _log_query(self, query, args):
        name = self.connection.name if hasattr(self.connection, 'name') else '-'
        log_sql.debug('[%s] %s %s' % (name, query, args))


class MyManager:

    def __init__(self):
        self.conn_known = {}  # available connections
        self.conn_pool = {}
        self.lock = threading.Lock()
        self.pid = multiprocessing.current_process().pid  # forking check

    def __del__(self):
        for conn in tuple(self.conn_known.keys()):
            self.destroy_conn(conn)

    def create_conn(self, name='default', isolation_level=None, **kw):
        '''Create named connection.'''
        if name in self.conn_known:
            raise MyManagerError('Connection name "%s" already registered.' % name)

        isolation_level = self._normalize_isolation_level(isolation_level)
        ci = ConnectionInfo(name, isolation_level, **kw)

        self.conn_known[name] = ci
        self.conn_pool[name] = []

    def close_conn(self, name='default'):
        '''Close all connections of given name.

        Connection credentials are still saved.

        '''
        while len(self.conn_pool[name]):
            conn = self.conn_pool[name].pop()
            conn.close()

    def destroy_conn(self, name='default'):
        '''Destroy connection.

        Counterpart of create_conn.

        '''
        if not name in self.conn_known:
            raise MyManagerError('Connection name "%s" not registered.' % name)

        self.close_conn(name)

        del self.conn_known[name]
        del self.conn_pool[name]

    def get_conn(self, name='default'):
        '''Get connection of name 'name' from pool.'''
        self._check_fork()
        self.lock.acquire()
        try:
            if not name in self.conn_known:
                raise MyManagerError("Connection name '%s' not registered." % name)

            # connection from pool
            conn = None
            while len(self.conn_pool[name]) and conn is None:
                conn = self.conn_pool[name].pop()
                try:
                    conn.ping()
                except oursql.MySQLError:
                    conn.close()
                    conn = None

            if conn is None:
                ci = self.conn_known[name]
                conn = self._connect(ci)
        finally:
            self.lock.release()
        return conn

    def put_conn(self, conn, name='default'):
        '''Put connection back to pool.

        Name must be same as used for get_conn,
        otherwise things become broken.

        '''
        self.lock.acquire()
        try:
            if not name in self.conn_known:
                raise MyManagerError("Connection name '%s' not registered." % name)

            if len(self.conn_pool[name]) >= self.conn_known[name].pool_size:
                conn.close()
                return

            # connection returned to the pool must not be in transaction
            try:
                conn.rollback()
            except OperationalError:
                conn.close()
                return

            self.conn_pool[name].append(conn)
        finally:
            self.lock.release()

    @contextmanager
    def cursor(self, name='default'):
        '''Cursor context.

        Uses any connection of name 'name' from pool
        and returns cursor for that connection.

        '''
        conn = self.get_conn(name)

        try:
            curs = conn.cursor()
            yield curs
        finally:
            curs.close()
            self.put_conn(conn, name)

    def _connect(self, ci):
        conn = oursql.connect(default_cursor=Cursor, **ci.parameters)
        if not ci.isolation_level is None:
            if ci.isolation_level == 'AUTOCOMMIT':
                # This is default in MySQL, but to be sure...
                curs = conn.cursor()
                curs.execute('SET autocommit = 1;')
                curs.close()
            else:
                curs = conn.cursor()
                curs.execute('SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL ' + ci.isolation_level)
                curs.close()
        if ci.init_statement:
            curs = conn.cursor()
            curs.execute(ci.init_statement)
            curs.connection.commit()
            curs.close()
        return conn

    def _normalize_isolation_level(self, level):
        if level is None:
            return level
        if type(level) == str:
            level = level.upper().replace('_', ' ')
            if level in (
                'AUTOCOMMIT',
                'READ UNCOMMITTED',
                'READ COMMITTED',
                'REPEATABLE READ',
                'SERIALIZABLE'):
                return level
        raise MyManagerError('Unknown isolation level name: "%s"', level)

    def _check_fork(self):
        '''Check if process was forked (PID has changed).

        If it was, clean parent's connections.
        New connections are created for children.
        Known connection credentials are inherited, but not shared.

        '''
        if self.pid == multiprocessing.current_process().pid:
            # PID has not changed
            return

        # update saved PID
        self.pid = multiprocessing.current_process().pid
        # reinitialize lock
        self.lock = threading.Lock()
        # clean parent's connections
        for name in self.conn_pool:
            self.conn_pool[name] = []

    @classmethod
    def get_instance(cls):
        if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
            cls._instance = cls()
        return cls._instance


def get_instance():
    return MyManager.get_instance()